Abstract:
A new systems approach to diseased states and wellness result in a new branch in the healthcare services, namely, personalized and precision medicine (PPM). In this sense, Personalized & Precision Oncology (PPO) is an innovative approach to cancer management and is oriented towards using each patient’s individual genomic landscapes to create a biomarker-based targeted therapy protocol.
To achieve the implementation of PPM and PPO concept, it is necessary to create a fundamentally new strategy based upon the recognition of biomarkers long before the disease clinically manifests itself. Therefore, personalized tumor molecular profiles, tumor disease site and other patient characteristics are then potentially used for determining optimum individualized (preventive, prophylactic, canonical and rehabilitative) therapy options to be tailored and applied for.
A comprehensive molecular tumor analysis integrating a combination of NGS methods offers the best chance for personalizing cancer care, enlarging the scope of therapy choices and offering potential new options for challenging cases, for instance metastatic tumors, rare cancer types, and cancers of unknown primary. Cutting-edge bioinformatics pipelines integrate the multiple data levels to construct Big Data and Data Sets and to generate a personalized tumor report. Though the panel approach helps to orientate therapy choices for particular cancer types, many “hard to treat” tumors remain in need of more effective diagnostic solutions. This knowledge base provides information on the function of common genomic alterations and their therapeutic implications into the upgraded cancer care practice.
Each decision-maker values the impact of their decision to use PPM/PPO on their own budget and well-being, which may not necessarily be optimal for society as a whole. It would be extremely useful to integrate available scientific knowledge on cancer-associated abnormal genes and gene products and their implications for cancer therapy. And thus data harvesting from different databanks for applications such as prediction and personalization of further treatment to thus provide more tailored measures for the patients resulting in improved patient outcomes, reduced adverse events, and more cost effective use of the latest health care resources including diagnostic, preventive and therapeutic (targeted molecular and cellular) etc. The latter requires the incorporation of information from multiple data sources, linking the functional effects of altered genes to potential cancer therapy options into a central repository. This complex and unique process provides a thorough and fairly exhaustive resource for physicians and patients to use as a PPM-guided cancer therapy option that is designed to be highly clinically applicable.
Traditional cancer treatments rely on standardized approaches that may not consider individual tumor differences and can lead to unnecessary side effects due to tumor heterogeneity. PPO-driven shifts focus by identifying specific mutations and molecular pathways driving each patient's cancer, allowing for therapies that specifically block these targets or stimulate immune responses tailored to the tumor.
Among the crucial factors affecting cancer treatment outcomes are:
- pre-early (subclinical or pre-cancer) detection;
- molecular heterogeneity of cancer;
- stage of cancer;
- response to targeted treatment and access to advanced treatment.
Among the priorities within a scope of upgraded cancer care approaches are:
- advanced treatment modalities;
- genomics profiling and multi-OMICS diagnostics for precise cancer care;
- multidisciplinary approach integrated into PPM-guided patient-centered care;
- rehabilitation support.
We are entering an era of rapidly evolving transformation in cancer research as it relates to cancer practice, and a shifting paradigm of standardized health care in which detailed genetic and molecular information regarding a patient’s cancer is used for PPM/PPM-based treatments. That approach provides comprehensive, whole?process, and personalized diagnosis and treatment services for patients with complex cancer or drug resistance progression; provides guidance for further adjustment of drug use; and establishes a multidisciplinary cooperative team, improves the quality of clinical diagnosis and treatment, and optimizes the process of medical services.
There’s been a big leap in cancer treatment as a result of PPM-guided cancer care and treatment. The 5-year survival rate in the US is now 74% for those diagnosed between 2015 and 2025. Advances in PPO are making us rethink what a “cure” means – for instance, targeted gene, cancer stem cell and immunotherapies integrated within the frame of genomic profiling have helped increase cure rates for some cancers. Meanwhile, combination therapies are becoming crucial in cancer care – by using new drug delivery systems, those therapies aim to make treatments more effective and reduce side effects, whilst securing the hope for a cancer cure grows.
Some other beneficial advancements are changing how we treat cancer, giving hope to patients and doctors for getting cancer cured. Among the latter are:
- AI-driven diagnostics and cancer treatment planning;
- Liquid biopsies and ctDNA monitoring;
- pre-early (subclinical or pre-cancer) detection innovations.
New fields and major discoveries in cancer tend to grab a lot of attention. Along with innovations we had mentioned, one area with a lot of momentum is cancer epigenetics, which is considered as a unique sources of therapeutic and preventive drugs of the next-step generation that can regulate the epigenetic profile.
As we keep improving these technologies and developing PPO-guided areas of innovations, finding a cancer cure seems more possible.
