Haptoglobin-related protein without signal peptide as biomarker of renal salt wasting (HPRWSP) in hyponatremia, hyponatremia-related diseases and as new syndrome in alzheimer’s disease

Title : Haptoglobin-related protein without signal peptide as biomarker of renal salt wasting (HPRWSP) in hyponatremia, hyponatremia-related diseases and as new syndrome in alzheimer’s disease

Abstract:

Application of pathophysiologic tenets has created significant changes in our approach to hyponatremia and hyponatremia-related conditions. This approach incorporated the determination of fractional excretion (FE) of urate before and after the correction of hyponatremia and the response to isotonic saline infusion to differentiate the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) from renal salt wasting (RSW). FEurate better identified the different causes of hyponatremia. Differentiating SIADH from RSW has been difficult because both have identical clinical parameters, but successfully overcome by carrying out this new approach. A study of 62 hyponatremic patients from the general medical wards of the hospital identified 17 (27%) to have SIADH, 19 (31%) with reset osmostat, and 24 (38%) with RSW with 21 of these RSW patients presenting without clinical evidence of cerebral disease to warrant changing the nomenclature from cerebral to renal salt wasting. The natriuretic activity found in the plasma of 21 and 18 patients with neurosurgical and Alzheimer’s disease (AD), respectively, was later identified as HPRWSP. The high prevalence of RSW creates a therapeutic dilemma of deciding whether to water-restrict water-logged patients with SIADH as compared to administering saline to volume-depleted patients with RSW. Future studies should achieve the following: 1. Abandon the ineffective volume approach; 2. Develop HPRWSP as a biomarker to identify hyponatremic and a projected large number of normonatremic patients at risk of developing RSW, including new syndrome of RSW in AD; 3. Facilitate differentiating SIADH from RSW on the first encounter and improve clinical outcomes, 4. Need to develop an inhibitor to HPRWSP to treat RSW and 5 be a potent diuretic to remove edema in heart failure when combined with distal diuretics such as furosemide.

Biography:

John Maesaka, professor of medicine at NYU Grossman Long Island School of Medicine and Chief Emeritus, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension at the NYU Langone Hospital Long Island. He received a BA degree Harvard University, MD degree Boston University School of Medicine and trained at Barnes Jewish Hospital Washington University in St. Louis and Mount Sinai Hospital and Medical School N.Y. He spent 5 years in a physiology laboratory at Mount Sinai Medical Center, which prepared him for his future research endeavors. He spent many years studying hyponatremic conditions, especially renal salt wasting and identifying the protein that causes it.