Emerging therapeutic modalities bring innovative approaches to cancer treatment. Gene therapy, using tools like CRISPR-Cas9, corrects genetic mutations or enhances immune responses, offering precision in targeting cancer cells. RNA-based therapies, including siRNA and mRNA platforms, regulate cancer-driving pathways effectively. Epigenetic therapies aim to reverse aberrant DNA methylation and histone modifications, restoring normal gene expression. Non-invasive options like photodynamic therapy use light-activated compounds to destroy tumors selectively. Thermal ablation employs controlled heat to target and eliminate cancer cells while sparing healthy tissues. These modalities, often combined with traditional treatments, expand the possibilities for personalized, effective, and less invasive cancer care, promising better outcomes for patients.