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Cancer genetics and genomics explore the intricate alterations in DNA that drive cancer development. Genetic mutations, such as those in tumor suppressor genes (e.g., TP53) or oncogenes (e.g., KRAS), can disrupt normal cellular processes, leading to uncontrolled growth. Genomic technologies, including next-generation sequencing, have revolutionized cancer research by enabling the identification of mutations, chromosomal rearrangements, and epigenetic changes.
These insights support personalized medicine, tailoring therapies based on an individual’s genetic profile. For example, targeted therapies like EGFR inhibitors offer precision treatment for specific cancer subtypes. By understanding the genetic blueprint of cancer, researchers aim to develop more effective treatments and early diagnostic tools, ultimately improving patient outcomes.
