Oncolytic virus therapy represents a groundbreaking approach in cancer treatment by harnessing viruses that selectively infect and kill cancer cells while sparing healthy tissue. Beyond direct tumor destruction, oncolytic viruses can stimulate an immune response, making them a powerful adjunct to immunotherapy. Recent research is focused on refining the specificity of these viruses, ensuring they can target cancer cells more precisely while overcoming challenges like tumor heterogeneity and immune resistance. Combining oncolytic virus therapy with other treatments, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors or chemotherapy, has shown promise in preclinical studies and clinical trials. This combination therapy approach could provide more potent and personalized cancer treatment options.