Genomic biomarkers have become a pivotal element of personalized medicine, especially in cancer treatment. These molecular markers, such as HER2, EGFR, and ALK, enable clinicians to match patients with the most effective targeted therapies based on their unique genetic makeup. Identifying these biomarkers helps predict how tumors will respond to specific treatments, ensuring better outcomes and fewer side effects. New advances like liquid biopsy, which tests blood for circulating tumor DNA, provide a less invasive option for monitoring cancer progression, detecting early recurrences, and assessing treatment efficacy. As research into biomarkers expands, they are set to play an even more critical role in advancing cancer therapies and improving patient survival.