Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has revolutionized cancer research by providing deep insights into the genetic mutations and alterations that drive cancer. NGS allows for the analysis of cancer at the molecular level, enabling the identification of personalized treatment options based on a patient’s unique genetic makeup. This technology has accelerated the discovery of novel biomarkers, opening the door for precision medicine in oncology. By offering a comprehensive view of the genetic landscape of tumors, NGS is a vital tool in both early cancer detection and monitoring treatment responses, thereby enhancing patient outcomes.