Pathology and histopathology are pivotal in cancer diagnosis, offering insights into tumor morphology and molecular characteristics. Molecular diagnostics, including next-generation sequencing (NGS) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR), enable the identification of genetic mutations and biomarkers critical for targeted therapies. Digital pathology, incorporating high-resolution imaging and AI, facilitates remote diagnosis and collaborative research. These technologies enhance accuracy, speed, and reproducibility in pathological assessments. Integration of molecular and digital tools is transforming traditional pathology, enabling personalized treatment approaches and real-time monitoring of disease progression. Research into innovative techniques ensures pathology remains a cornerstone of modern oncology, driving advancements in cancer care.