Nanotechnology has emerged as a transformative tool in cancer diagnosis and treatment, offering unique solutions for targeting and eliminating tumors. Nanoparticles can be engineered to specifically bind to cancer cells, allowing for targeted drug delivery that minimizes damage to surrounding healthy tissue. This precision makes treatments more effective while reducing side effects. Additionally, nanoparticles can be used for imaging, helping to detect tumors at earlier stages and monitor treatment progress. Beyond drug delivery, nanomaterials can also enhance the effectiveness of radiation therapy, concentrating the energy at the tumor site. These advances in nanotechnology hold great potential for improving cancer treatment by providing more personalized and efficient therapeutic strategies.