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Urinary bladder cancer is a malignancy that originates in the tissues of the bladder, a hollow organ in the pelvic region responsible for storing urine before it is expelled from the body. This type of cancer usually begins in the innermost lining of the bladder and can progress to the muscular wall if left untreated. The primary risk factor for bladder cancer is tobacco use, with smokers being at a higher risk compared to non-smokers. Other factors, such as exposure to certain industrial chemicals, age, gender, and a family history of bladder cancer, may also contribute to the development of this condition. Blood in the urine is most common symptom of bladder cancer , which can be visible or microscopic. Other signs may include changes in urinary habits, pelvic pain, and frequent urinary tract infections. Diagnosis typically involves imaging tests, cystoscopy, and biopsy. Treatment options for bladder cancer depend on the stage of the disease. Early-stage tumors may be treated with transurethral resection, where the cancerous tissue is removed through the urethra. In more advanced cases, surgery to remove the bladder (cystectomy) or radiation therapy may be recommended. Chemotherapy and immunotherapy are also common approaches to target and eliminate cancer cells. Regular medical check-ups and prompt attention to any urinary symptoms are crucial for early detection and better outcomes. Bladder cancer management often involves a multidisciplinary approach, with healthcare professionals collaborating to tailor the treatment plan to the individual patient's needs. As with many cancers, lifestyle modifications such as smoking cessation and a healthy diet can contribute to overall well-being and may reduce the risk of recurrence.
