Title : Changing trends in endodontic sealers and focus on its cytotoxicity
Abstract:
There has been a paradox shift from traditional oburation technique with less sealer to a bioceramic technique, where sealer is used to fill the entire prepared root canal space, while gutta-percha acts as a plugger or to help in rerootcanal treatment. A diverse range of sealer are introduced in the market, right from Rickets sealer (1931) to modified Grossman’s, non-staining Zinc oxide eugenol sealer (1958), later 1920 Herman introduce calcium hydroxide material for pulp capping ,intracranial medicament, its high ph. induces tissue formation and antimicrobial property. Epoxy resin currently widely used, a prototype of AH series was introduce by Schroeder in 1957,excellent physical property and sealing ability. Where hydrophilic calcium silicate Sealer (HCS),Iroot- SP, innovative ceramics was introduced in the market. The purpose of the hydrophilic ,hydroscopic bioceramic sealer was not only to prevent apical percolation but also to form hydroxyapatite crystals, blocking dentinal tubules, due to hydrophilic nature of the sealer and hydrophilic dentinal tubules thus helps in forming a tag filling the gaps, along with this it also has properties like biocompatibility, bioactive inducing osteogenesis and angiogenic response. As the sealer comes in director contact with the periapical tissue it should not cause inflammation leading to tissue response, degradation or delayed wound healing, thus by current concepts sealers should be non-cytotoxic, non-mutagenic, and should not provoke immune response. The reviews article focuses on the changing trends, cytotoxicity studies of bioactive sealers, properties, its methods and conclusion.
