Title : An overview about pharmacopollution and Household Waste Medicine (HWM)
Abstract:
pharmacopollution is a public health and environ-mental outcome of some active pharmaceutical ingredients(API) and endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDC) dispersed through water and/or soil. Its most important sources are thep harmaceutical industry, healthcare facilities (e.g., hospitals), livestock, aquaculture, and households (patients’excretion and littering). The last source is the focus of this presentation. Research questions are “What is the Household Waste Medicine (HWM) phenomenon?”, “How HWM and pharmacopollution are related?”, and “How is the reverse logistic system for HWM in Brazil?”. The Brazilian HWM case is remarkable because it is the fourth pharmaceutical market (US$ 65,971 billion), with a wide number of private pharmacies and drugstores (3.3:10,000 pharmacy/inhabitants), self-medication habits. The HWM generation is estimated in 56.6 g/per capita, or 10,800 t/year. National take-back programs were recently implemented.