Cancer and neurological disorders are increasingly recognized as interrelated, as both the disease and its treatments can impact the nervous system. Some cancers, like brain tumors, directly affect neurological function, while others, such as breast or lung cancer, can lead to neurological complications due to metastasis. Chemotherapy, radiation, and immunotherapy treatments can also lead to neurological side effects, such as cognitive impairment, neuropathy, and fatigue, affecting patients' quality of life. Research is ongoing to understand the mechanisms through which cancer and its therapies affect the nervous system. Advances in neuroprotective strategies and supportive care are helping to alleviate these side effects, aiming to improve the overall prognosis for cancer patients and survivors.