Advancements in cancer genome sequencing projects have significantly transformed cancer research and treatment. Large-scale initiatives like The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) continue to map the genetic mutations that drive cancer progression, offering insights into tumor biology. These initiatives have identified specific genetic alterations across different cancer types, providing a foundation for personalized treatment strategies. As sequencing technologies become more accessible, the data from these projects allow clinicians to identify novel biomarkers and target specific mutations, ensuring more effective therapies. Ongoing research and global collaboration in cancer genome sequencing are opening new frontiers in cancer diagnostics, treatment, and prevention.