Genetic syndromes predispose individuals to pediatric cancers, highlighting the need for early screening and personalized care. Conditions such as Li-Fraumeni syndrome, neurofibromatosis, and retinoblastoma are associated with a higher risk of developing childhood cancers. These genetic mutations can increase the likelihood of cancer occurring at an early age and often lead to more aggressive disease progression. Understanding the genetic underpinnings of these syndromes has paved the way for better prevention, early detection, and treatment strategies. Genetic testing and counseling are now key components of pediatric cancer care, helping to identify at-risk children and providing families with critical information to make informed decisions about surveillance and treatment.