Genitourinary cancers, which include malignancies of the urinary and reproductive systems, encompass a wide range of diseases, such as prostate, bladder, kidney, and testicular cancers. These cancers affect vital organs, and their diagnosis and treatment have significant implications for patients' quality of life. Research in this area is focused on early detection methods, such as advanced imaging techniques and biomarkers, to improve outcomes. Moreover, understanding the genetic mutations and environmental factors that contribute to these cancers is crucial for developing more effective therapies. Targeted therapies, immunotherapy, and precision medicine are emerging approaches that offer promising solutions, aiming to not only treat the cancer but also to minimize side effects, thereby improving patient well-being.