Mammography is a crucial diagnostic imaging technique specifically designed for breast examination, offering an effective means for early detection of breast cancer. This specialized X-ray imaging involves compressing the breast tissue to obtain detailed and high-resolution images of the internal structures. Digital mammography has largely replaced traditional film mammography, providing enhanced image quality and allowing for easier storage and retrieval of images. Mammograms are primarily used for routine breast cancer screening in asymptomatic women, aiding in the identification of suspicious masses, microcalcifications, and other abnormalities that may indicate the presence of breast cancer. As a frontline tool in breast cancer detection, mammography plays a pivotal role in improving patient outcomes through early intervention. Regular screening mammograms are recommended for women over the age of 40 and may be initiated earlier for those with a family history of breast cancer. Diagnostic mammography is employed when additional evaluation is needed following an abnormal screening result or when a woman experiences symptoms such as breast pain or a palpable lump.
The integration of digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT), often referred to as 3D mammography, further enhances mammographic capabilities by capturing multiple images from various angles, reducing overlapping tissue artifacts and providing a more detailed three-dimensional view of breast structures. Continued research and technological advancements in mammography are focused on improving sensitivity and specificity, reducing radiation exposure, and developing adjunct technologies for breast cancer diagnosis. Innovations such as contrast-enhanced mammography and automated breast ultrasound aim to supplement mammography in specific clinical scenarios. With ongoing efforts to refine and expand mammographic capabilities, this imaging modality remains an indispensable tool in the comprehensive approach to breast cancer screening, early diagnosis, and overall breast health management.