Radiation oncology has witnessed remarkable progress with the advent of stereotactic radiotherapy, proton therapy, and other cutting-edge techniques. These advancements aim to deliver highly precise radiation doses to tumors while sparing surrounding healthy tissues. Stereotactic radiotherapy, for instance, is particularly effective for small, localized tumors, offering high cure rates with minimal side effects. Proton therapy delivers targeted radiation, making it ideal for treating cancers near critical structures such as the brain or spinal cord. Innovations like adaptive radiotherapy and image-guided techniques further enhance treatment precision, enabling real-time adjustments based on tumor dynamics. These breakthroughs contribute significantly to improving the therapeutic ratio and patient outcomes.