Real-world data and evidence in cancer treatment provide essential insights into how therapies perform outside controlled clinical trial settings. By analyzing data gathered from everyday clinical practice, researchers can evaluate how treatments work across diverse patient populations, including those with comorbidities or varying genetic backgrounds. Real-world evidence helps identify potential treatment failures, side effects, and long-term outcomes that may not be evident in randomized controlled trials. This data is instrumental in refining treatment protocols, personalizing care, and assessing the real-world effectiveness of emerging therapies. As more data is collected from varied patient experiences, real-world evidence will become an increasingly valuable resource in enhancing cancer care and improving patient outcomes.