Screening programs are vital for early cancer detection, significantly reducing mortality rates. Population-based initiatives, such as mammography for breast cancer and colonoscopy for colorectal cancer, target high-risk groups systematically. Advances in screening technologies, including low-dose CT for lung cancer and HPV testing for cervical cancer, enhance sensitivity and accuracy. Public health campaigns emphasize the importance of regular screenings, especially in underserved communities. Innovations in AI and machine learning further optimize screening processes, identifying subtle abnormalities with greater precision. Challenges remain in ensuring accessibility, affordability, and adherence, but ongoing research and advocacy aim to make screenings a universal component of preventive healthcare.