Title : Maritime disaster in outermost Island as threat of sovereignty and National Maritime Security in the International Law Perspective
Abstract:
I ndonesia is one of the countries in the world that is very vulnerable to natural disasters. Climate change is increasingly extreme globally, and Indonesia’s position in the Ring of Fire become the main reasons for frequent maritime disasters such as abrasion and tsunami disasters, and this is a security threat considering that Indonesia as a maritime country which geographically comprises 2/3 of the sea area, and a group of islands. Maritime disasters triggered by climate change, impact on loss of island areas and beaches due to rising sea levels, as happened in several Indonesian islands, such as Tiban Island, Bengkalis Island, six islands in the Kepulauan Seribu and other islands. If this happens in the outermost islands, it will potentially become a threat to territorial sovereignty, national defense, and trigger international border conflicts. In mitigating abrasion disasters on the outermost islands, it needs to be handled wisely and appropriately. This because in International Law, Indonesia has ratified the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) 1982 in determining territorial boundaries in the sea region, especially those directly adjacent to other countries. This study uses descriptive-qualitative methods in analyzing the problem of the loss of determinants of territorial area measurement, caused by Maritime Disasters from the perspective of International Law. The maritime security concept, explained by Christian Bueger through the Maritime Security Matrix, will help analyze the threat of the Abrasion and Tsunami disaster on the outer islands as a threat. To achieve a “World Maritime Exis”, Indonesia needs to pay attention to the impact of natural disasters, especially maritime disasters on the outer islands, to maintain the country’s sovereignty through policies related to disaster mitigation.
