Importance of clinical pharmacokinetics of medications in the postoperative period of patients undergoing dental surgical procedures

Title : Importance of clinical pharmacokinetics of medications in the postoperative period of patients undergoing dental surgical procedures

Abstract:

Dental surgical procedures induce an inflammatory response and may lead to conditions of postoperative discomfort. Therefore, it is recommended that the dentist prescribe drugs to modulate inflammation, control infection, and relieve pain. The authors focus on the clinical pharmacokinetic parameters of different medications for the short-term management of postoperative clinical conditions in patients undergoing dental surgical procedures. This presentation analyzes the effectiveness of edema control and postoperative pain with the use of drugs administered pre- and post-surgery. Pharmacokinetic parameters of drugs: Distribution volume (Vd), t_1/2, peak concentration, time to peak concentration, AUC (Area Under Concentration), and Css (Steady-State Concentration) will be discussed, guiding clinical prescription. The informed consent form explaining the purpose of the research was provided to and completed by the patients. Participants were invited and selected through anamnesis, with the researcher completing a form containing biodemographic data such as age, gender, race, weight, maximum and minimum blood pressure, surgical procedure, anesthetic used, and medication. Surgeries were performed on both asymptomatic and symptomatic teeth and were classified as simple, compound, and complex. Simple surgery refers to the extraction of one tooth; compound surgery, to the extraction of two teeth; and complex surgery to those requiring osteotomy, odontosection, flap surgery, removal of more than two teeth, or implant surgery. The start and end times of the procedure, the number of anesthetic cartridges used, the volume in mL of anesthetic used, the surgery time, the number of teeth extracted, implant types, the use of a diamond bur for odontosection, and the types of surgery were recorded. To obtain data on pain, we used the Categorical/Colored Scales, and the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS); for edema, we used the interincisal and interauricular distances and their differences. It was verified that not taking medications will cause postoperative discomfort for the patient, and that all the studied drugs exhibit good analgesic action and infection/edema control, concerning the clinical pharmacokinetics of the medications.

Keywords: antibiotics, analgesics, anti-inflammatory drugs, edema, pain

Biography:

Prof. Dr. Vitoldo Antonio Kozlowski Junior, Pos Doc, Ph.D., M.Sc., D.D.S. has completed his Pos Doc in Periodontology, The Forsyth Institute, Harvard University, Boston, USA, and Ph.D., M.Sc. in Dentistry/Pharmacology from the University of Campinas, Brazil. He is the Associate Professor of the Ponta Grossa State University, Brazil, in the Department of Dentistry and ACUBENS Research Laboratory, Biological, and Health Sciences Division. Qualification in Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology, Periodontology, Clinical Therapeutics, and integrative and complementary practices for oral health in the area of Phytotherapy by the Brazilian Federal Council of Dentistry. He has published more than 50 papers in reputed journals and has been serving as an editorial board member of repute. He has shown more than 300 conferences in scientific meetings.