Green synthesis and application of a bio emulsion liquid membrane (bio elm) for wastewater pollutant extraction

This research details the sustainable synthesis of a fully bio-based Emulsion Liquid Membrane (Bio-ELM) system designed for the extraction of hazardous pollutants from wastewater. The work is characterized by the substitution of conventional petrochemical-based materials with environmentally benign bio-based alternatives, thereby advancing a green separation technology. The Bio-ELM was formulated using methyl cellulose, a biodegradable polymer, as a natural stabilizing agent, and soybean oil, a bio-diluent derived from plant sources, in place of traditional organic solvents. This transition to natural materials ensures biodegradability, low toxicity, and sustainability, aligning with the principles of green chemistry and the circular economy. The stability and functionality of the prepared emulsion were characterized using advanced techniques. Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) was employed to measure droplet size distribution, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) identified chemical interactions, optical microscopy revealed emulsion microstructure, zeta potential analysis assessed surface charge and stability, and rheological measurements evaluated flow behavior and viscoelastic properties. The Bio-ELM was applied for the removal of wastewater pollutants, including methylene blue, catechol, and nickel ions. The results demonstrated high extraction efficiency, excellent emulsion stability, and repeatability, confirming the system's suitability for practical wastewater treatment. This study illustrates the feasibility of utilizing bio-derived components for ELM, underscoring their potential as a next-generation green technology for pollutant separation. The findings contribute to eco-friendly membrane processes and support the development of scalable, non-toxic alternatives for industrial wastewater management.