Present-day advances in metalloporphyrin metal-organic frameworks and their practical applications

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have rapidly emerged as a versatile class of three-dimensional materials with broad applications in (photo)catalysis, sensing, separation, adsorption, and biological as well as electrochemical processes. Their tunable architectures, adjustable pores, and exceptionally high surface areas provide unique opportunities for functional design. Recent advances in template-directed synthesis have enabled the development of MOFs with bioinspired ligands, among which metalloporphyrin-based MOFs are particularly noteworthy. Depending on their construction, porphyrin units can act as linkers (porphyrinic MOFs) or be encapsulated/impregnated within pores (porphyrin@MOFs), combining the remarkable properties of porphyrins with the porosity of MOFs. This contribution highlights their structural features, functional attributes, and key applications in contemporary research.