Title : New treatment of muscle regeneration through activation proliferation and differentiation of muscle stem cells (satellite cells) through mitochondrial dynamics
Abstract:
Skeletal muscle has remarkable regeneration capabilities, mainly due to its resident muscle stem cells (Satellite Cells: SCs). Following satellite cell activation, several factors drive asymmetric cell division to generate a stem cell and a proliferative progenitor that forms new muscle. The balance between symmetric self-renewal and asymmetric division significantly impacts the efficiency of regeneration. Satellite cells become exhausted, resulting in diminished population and functionality during aging. This decline in SC function impairs intercellular interactions as well as extracellular matrix production, further hindering muscle regeneration. Isolation, culture, and translation of SCs are still being studied. The study of their functional potential depends on the availability of methods for the isolation and expansion of pure SCs with preserved myogenic properties after serial passages in vitro. The mitochondrial dynamics are essential for the successful regenerative capacity of satellite cells. The loss of mitochondrial fission in satellite cells-due to aging or genetic impairment-deregulates the mitochondrial Electron Transport Chain (ETC), leading to inefficient oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) metabolism and mitophagy and increased oxidative stress. Regenerative functions can be restored in fission-impaired or aged satellite cells by the reestablishment of mitochondrial dynamics (by activating fission or preventing fusion), OXPHOS, or mitophagy. So this review showed that muscle regeneration is dramatically improved through activation, prolferation, and differentation of quiescent musle stem cells by mitochondrial dynamics.
