Cancer Geneticists research the genetic causes of cancer to understand how mutations contribute to tumor development and progression. They examine both inherited genetic mutations, which can increase cancer risk, and somatic mutations that arise during cancer development. Using advanced tools like DNA sequencing, gene expression profiling, and molecular analysis, cancer geneticists identify specific genetic alterations that drive cancer growth and spread, which helps unravel the molecular mechanisms behind the disease.
In clinical settings, cancer geneticists are integral to personalized medicine. They analyze the genetic profile of a patient’s cancer, helping oncologists determine the most effective treatment strategies, such as targeted therapies and immunotherapies. These treatments are designed to focus on the unique genetic mutations in each patient’s tumor, improving treatment precision while minimizing side effects. Cancer geneticists also offer genetic counseling, providing patients with crucial information on hereditary cancer risks and advising on potential preventive measures. Their work is essential for discovering genetic markers that enable early cancer detection, improving the chances of successful treatment. They also play a role in advancing cancer therapies by identifying new genetic targets for drug development. Additionally, they track genetic changes in tumors to evaluate responses to treatment and assess the risk of recurrence. Through their expertise, cancer geneticists are transforming cancer care, making treatments more effective, personalized, and tailored to the genetic makeup of each patient.