Cancer genomes, intricate molecular landscapes that underlie the development and progression of cancer, have become a focal point in contemporary biomedical research. Within the nucleus of cancer cells, genetic mutations and alterations disrupt the normal regulatory mechanisms, leading to uncontrolled cell growth and tumor formation. The advent of advanced sequencing technologies has revolutionized our understanding of cancer at the genomic level. Scientists can now decipher the entire DNA sequence of cancer cells, uncovering the unique mutations that drive tumorigenesis. These genetic aberrations not only contribute to the initiation of cancer but also influence its behavior, response to treatment, and prognosis. The heterogeneous nature of cancer genomes poses a challenge in developing targeted therapies. Different types of cancer exhibit distinct genomic profiles, necessitating personalized treatment approaches. Precision medicine, an evolving paradigm in cancer research, seeks to tailor therapeutic interventions based on the specific genetic makeup of an individual's tumor. In addition to mutations in protein-coding genes, non-coding regions of the genome also play a crucial role in cancer biology. Regulatory elements, such as enhancers and microRNAs, can impact gene expression and contribute to the malignant phenotype.