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The cancer microenvironment is a complex and dynamic ecosystem that surrounds tumor cells, consisting of various cellular and non-cellular components. This intricate network includes stromal cells, immune cells, blood vessels, and extracellular matrix, collectively influencing the behavior and fate of cancer cells. The interplay between these elements creates a supportive niche for tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis.
One crucial aspect of the cancer microenvironment is its role in immune responses. Tumor-infiltrating immune cells, such as T cells and macrophages, interact with cancer cells in a delicate balance between promoting or inhibiting tumor progression. Understanding these interactions is pivotal for developing immunotherapies that leverage the body's immune system to recognize and eliminate cancer cells.
Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels, is another critical process within the cancer microenvironment. Tumors require a robust blood supply to sustain their rapid growth, and the microenvironment orchestrates the development of this vascular network. Targeting angiogenesis has become a therapeutic strategy to disrupt the tumor's blood supply and impede its progression.
