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Cancer stem cells (CSCs) represent a distinct subpopulation within tumors with the ability to self-renew and differentiate into diverse cell types found in the malignancy. These cells play a crucial role in tumor initiation, progression, and therapeutic resistance. unlike traditional cancer cells, CSCs possess stem cell-like properties, including the ability to regenerate the entire tumor hierarchy. This unique characteristic contributes to the heterogeneity observed in many cancers and poses a significant challenge in developing effective cancer treatments. Research suggests that CSCs may be responsible for tumor recurrence and metastasis after initial treatment, as they have the capacity to survive conventional therapies such as chemotherapy and radiation. Targeting CSCs has become a focal point in cancer research, aiming to develop novel therapeutic strategies to eliminate this resilient cell population. The identification and isolation of CSCs have paved the way for a better understanding of the molecular pathways and signaling networks that regulate their behavior. Targeting these specific pathways holds promise for disrupting CSC function and improving overall treatment outcomes. Despite advancements in CSC research, many questions remain unanswered. Further exploration of the intricate molecular mechanisms governing CSC biology is crucial for the development of more targeted and effective cancer therapies. The evolving understanding of cancer stem cells continues to drive innovations in the quest for more precise and personalized cancer treatments.
