Cervical cancer is a significant health concern globally, characterized by the abnormal growth of cells in the cervix, the lower part of the uterus that connects to the vagina. Infection with high-risk types of human papillomavirus (HPV) is a primary risk factor for the development of cervical cancer. Persistent infection with certain HPV strains can lead to changes in the cervical cells over time, eventually progressing to cancer. Regular screening through Pap smears and HPV testing enables early detection of precancerous lesions, allowing for timely intervention and prevention of cervical cancer.
The symptoms of cervical cancer may not manifest until the disease has progressed, underscoring the importance of routine screenings. Symptoms can include abnormal vaginal bleeding, pelvic pain, pain during intercourse, and changes in urinary or bowel habits. Cervical cancer is highly preventable with the availability of HPV vaccines, which are recommended for young individuals to protect against the most common cancer-causing HPV strains. Additionally, effective treatment options for cervical cancer include surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy, with the choice of treatment depending on the stage and extent of the disease. Increased awareness, early detection, and vaccination efforts are crucial in the global initiative to reduce the incidence and impact of cervical cancer on women's health.