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Choroidal melanoma is a rare and potentially serious eye condition characterized by the development of cancerous cells in the choroid, the vascular layer of the eye located between the retina and the sclera. The choroid contains pigmented cells, and when melanocytes within this layer undergo malignant transformation, choroidal melanoma occurs. This type of eye cancer primarily affects adults, with a higher incidence in individuals aged 50 and above. Choroidal melanoma often presents without noticeable symptoms in its early stages, making early detection challenging. As the tumor grows, patients may experience changes in vision, such as blurred or distorted vision, flashing lights, or the appearance of dark spots. Diagnosis typically involves a comprehensive eye examination, imaging studies, and biopsy to confirm the presence of melanoma cells. Once diagnosed, treatment options depend on factors such as tumor size, location, and the overall health of the patient. Common approaches include radiation therapy, surgical removal of the tumor, or in some cases, enucleation (removal of the eye). Regular monitoring and follow-up care are crucial for individuals diagnosed with choroidal melanoma, as recurrence is possible. Prognosis varies, and early detection and intervention contribute significantly to improved outcomes. Despite its rarity, choroidal melanoma underscores the importance of routine eye exams and prompt medical attention for any changes in vision or eye health.
