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Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML) is a type of blood cancer that originates in the bone marrow and affects the blood-forming cells. This condition is characterized by the uncontrolled growth of myeloid cells, which are responsible for producing red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. CML is often associated with a specific genetic abnormality known as the Philadelphia chromosome, resulting from a translocation between chromosomes 9 and 22. This translocation leads to the formation of the BCR-ABL1 fusion gene, a key driver in the development of CML. The disease typically progresses slowly through three phases: chronic phase, accelerated phase, and blast phase. During the chronic phase, individuals may experience no symptoms or only mild ones. However, as the disease advances, symptoms may become more pronounced, including fatigue, weight loss, and an enlarged spleen. Treatment for CML has undergone significant advancements in recent years. Targeted therapies, such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), have revolutionized the management of CML by specifically targeting the BCR-ABL1 fusion protein. TKIs help control the growth of abnormal cells, allowing patients to lead relatively normal lives. Regular monitoring through blood tests and molecular tests is crucial for assessing treatment response and adjusting therapy as needed. In some cases, stem cell transplantation may be considered, especially in the later stages of the disease. With ongoing research and advancements in medical science, the prognosis for individuals with CML has improved significantly. Many patients can now achieve long-term remission and lead fulfilling lives with appropriate and timely medical intervention. However, the management of CML remains a lifelong process, requiring close collaboration between patients and healthcare professionals to ensure optimal outcomes.
