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Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML is characterized by the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells in the bone marrow, leading to an overproduction of white blood cells. CML is primarily caused by a genetic mutation known as the Philadelphia chromosome. Symptoms of CML may include fatigue, weakness, weight loss, and an enlarged spleen. However, some individuals with CML may remain asymptomatic in the early stages. The disease typically progresses slowly, moving through chronic, accelerated, and blast phases. Diagnosis of CML involves blood tests, bone marrow aspiration, and cytogenetic analysis to detect the presence of the Philadelphia chromosome. Treatment options for CML have advanced significantly in recent years. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), such as imatinib, are the primary medications used to target the underlying genetic abnormalities and manage the disease effectively. Regular monitoring of blood counts and molecular response is crucial in managing CML. In some cases, a bone marrow transplant may be considered for individuals who do not respond well to TKIs or progress to advanced stages of the disease. While CML is a chronic condition, advancements in medical research and treatment options have significantly improved the prognosis for many individuals. With proper medical management and adherence to treatment plans, individuals with CML can lead relatively normal lives. However, ongoing medical supervision is essential to monitor for any changes in the disease's progression and adjust the treatment accordingly.
