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Intraocular melanoma is a rare form of cancer that develops in the melanocytes, the pigment-producing cells, within the eye. Typically occurring in the uvea, the middle layer of the eye, intraocular melanoma can affect various parts of the eye, including the iris, ciliary body, and choroid. Symptoms may not be immediately noticeable, and the condition is often diagnosed during routine eye examinations. Common signs include changes in vision, blurred vision, or the appearance of dark spots or flashes of light. As the tumor grows, it may lead to other complications such as retinal detachment. The exact cause of intraocular melanoma remains unclear, but certain risk factors, such as age, light eye color, and certain inherited conditions, may contribute to its development. Diagnosis typically involves a thorough eye examination, imaging tests, and sometimes a biopsy to confirm the presence of melanoma cells. Treatment options for intraocular melanoma depend on the size and location of the tumor. Approaches may include surgery, radiation therapy, or in some cases, enucleation (removal of the eye). The choice of treatment is carefully considered to preserve vision and minimize the risk of recurrence. Regular follow-up appointments are crucial for individuals with intraocular melanoma to monitor for any signs of recurrence or complications. Despite its rarity, intraocular melanoma necessitates prompt diagnosis and appropriate management to optimize the chances of successful treatment and to preserve the patient's overall eye health.
