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Islet cell carcinoma, also known as pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs), is a rare type of cancer that originates in the islet cells of the pancreas. These cells are responsible for producing hormones such as insulin and glucagon, which play a crucial role in regulating blood sugar levels. Islet cell carcinoma is distinct from the more common pancreatic adenocarcinoma, as it arises from the endocrine cells of the pancreas rather than the exocrine cells. These tumors can be non-functional, meaning they do not produce hormones, or functional, where they secrete hormones that lead to specific symptoms. The symptoms of islet cell carcinoma can vary depending on the type of hormone produced. Non-functional tumors may not cause noticeable symptoms until they reach an advanced stage. Functional tumors, on the other hand, can cause symptoms related to hormonal imbalances, such as changes in blood sugar levels, digestive issues, or skin rashes. Diagnosis often involves imaging tests, blood tests to measure hormone levels, and sometimes a biopsy. Treatment options for islet cell carcinoma may include surgery, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, or a combination of these approaches. The choice of treatment depends on factors such as the tumor's size, location, and whether it has spread to other parts of the body. Given the rarity of islet cell carcinoma, a multidisciplinary approach involving oncologists, surgeons, and other specialists is essential to tailor an effective treatment plan for each patient. Regular follow-up care is crucial to monitor the patient's response to treatment and detect any potential recurrence early on. As with many cancers, early detection and prompt intervention significantly improve the chances of successful outcomes in individuals diagnosed with islet cell carcinoma.
