The late effects of cancer treatment in childhood are a growing concern as survivors live longer. While childhood cancer treatments have significantly improved survival rates, the long-term side effects, such as cardiotoxicity, growth abnormalities, cognitive impairments, and an increased risk of secondary cancers, pose challenges for pediatric oncology. As more children survive cancer into adulthood, it is crucial to monitor these late effects and develop strategies to prevent or manage them. Advances in early detection and personalized care have improved the ability to address these issues, ensuring that childhood cancer survivors can live healthy, fulfilling lives. Research into these late effects is essential to creating safer, more effective treatment regimens.