Lung cancer is a serious and potentially fatal disease that primarily affects the respiratory system. Smoking is the leading cause of lung cancer, responsible for the majority of cases. However, non-smokers can also develop lung cancer due to factors such as exposure to secondhand smoke, environmental pollutants, and genetic predisposition. The symptoms of lung cancer can vary but often include persistent coughing, chest pain, shortness of breath, and unexplained weight loss. Early detection is crucial for effective treatment, but lung cancer is often diagnosed in advanced stages when it has already spread to other parts of the body. Treatment options for lung cancer may include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. The choice of treatment depends on the type and stage of the cancer, as well as the overall health of the patient. Despite advancements in medical research and treatment modalities, the prognosis for lung cancer remains challenging, emphasizing the importance of prevention and early intervention. Preventive measures include avoiding tobacco smoke, limiting exposure to environmental toxins, and adopting a healthy lifestyle. Regular screenings may be recommended for individuals at high risk, such as long-term smokers. In conclusion, lung cancer is a serious health concern with significant implications for affected individuals. Understanding the risk factors, recognizing symptoms, and seeking prompt medical attention are crucial steps in addressing this complex and often devastating disease.