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Osteosarcoma is a rare and aggressive form of bone cancer that primarily affects the long bones, such as the arms and legs. This malignant tumor arises from primitive bone-forming cells, leading to the development of abnormal bone tissue. Osteosarcoma is most commonly diagnosed in adolescents and young adults, with a slight male predominance. The exact cause of osteosarcoma is not well understood, but certain factors may increase the risk, including genetic predisposition and underlying bone conditions. Symptoms often include persistent bone pain, swelling, and limited joint movement. As the tumor grows, it can weaken the bone structure, making fractures more likely. Diagnosis typically involves imaging studies such as X-rays, CT scans, and MRI, along with a biopsy to confirm the presence of cancerous cells. Treatment approaches usually include a combination of surgery to remove the tumor and chemotherapy to target any remaining cancer cells. In some cases, preoperative chemotherapy is employed to shrink the tumor before surgical intervention. Prognosis varies depending on factors such as the extent of the disease at diagnosis and how well it responds to treatment. Despite advances in treatment modalities, osteosarcoma remains a challenging cancer to manage due to its aggressive nature and potential for metastasis. Regular follow-up care is crucial to monitor for any signs of recurrence and manage potential long-term effects of treatment. A multidisciplinary medical team, including orthopedic surgeons, oncologists, and other specialists, collaborates to provide comprehensive care for individuals diagnosed with osteosarcoma.
