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Periocular basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is a type of skin cancer that typically develops in the eyelid region, including the upper and lower eyelids. Basal cell carcinoma is the most common form of skin cancer, and its occurrence in the periocular area poses unique challenges due to the delicate and sensitive nature of the eye. This slow-growing cancer arises from the basal cells, which are found in the epidermis, the outermost layer of the skin. Prolonged sun exposure is a primary risk factor for the development of periocular BCC, emphasizing the importance of sun protection measures in preventing its occurrence. Recognizing periocular BCC early is crucial for effective management. Common symptoms include persistent eyelid swelling, a painless lump or nodule, changes in skin color, and, in advanced cases, ulceration. Regular skin examinations and seeking prompt medical attention for any suspicious changes can aid in early detection. Treatment options for periocular BCC depend on the size, location, and extent of the tumor. Surgical excision is a common approach, aiming to completely remove the cancerous tissue while preserving the functionality and aesthetics of the eye. Other modalities, such as cryotherapy, radiation therapy, and topical medications, may be considered in certain cases. Given the proximity to the eye, periocular BCC necessitates a multidisciplinary approach involving dermatologists, ophthalmologists, and plastic surgeons. Regular follow-up appointments are crucial to monitor for recurrence and address any potential complications. In conclusion, periocular basal cell carcinoma requires vigilant attention due to its unique location and potential impact on vision and facial aesthetics. Prevention through sun protection and early detection through regular self-examinations are paramount in managing this common but manageable form of skin cancer.
