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Vasoproliferative retinal tumors (VPRTs) are abnormal growths that occur in the retina, the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye. These tumors are characterized by the proliferation of blood vessels within the retina, leading to various complications and potential vision impairment. VPRTs can be associated with conditions such as retinitis pigmentosa, uveitis, or other inflammatory eye diseases. The exact cause of these tumors is not fully understood, and they can manifest in both isolated and syndromic forms. Symptoms of VPRTs may include visual disturbances such as blurry vision, floaters, or even a decrease in visual acuity. The tumors can also lead to retinal detachment, causing more severe vision problems if left untreated. Diagnosis typically involves a comprehensive eye examination, including imaging studies such as fluorescein angiography and optical coherence tomography. These tests help visualize the extent of the tumor and assess its impact on retinal structures. Treatment options for VPRTs depend on factors like tumor size, location, and associated complications. Common approaches include laser therapy to target and shrink the abnormal blood vessels, as well as cryotherapy or anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) injections. Regular monitoring and follow-up examinations are crucial to track the progression of the tumor and adjust the treatment plan as needed. In some cases, surgical intervention may be necessary, especially if complications like retinal detachment arise. While VPRTs pose challenges to vision and eye health, advances in diagnostic tools and treatment modalities have improved the management of these tumors. Early detection and timely intervention play a key role in preserving visual function and preventing severe complications associated with vasoproliferative retinal tumors.
