Carbon-based materials have distinct structures and dimensions, allowing them to be modified electrically and integrated into a variety of commercial systems. Because carbon-based materials are inert in nature, they could significantly increase antifouling characteristics, bacterial suppression, and membrane stability and strength. It comes in a variety of allotropes, ranging from 1D to 3D structures, and is employed in a variety of applications.
A true carbon-based hybrid nanomaterial is defined as "a new material in which two or more carbon allotropes have been integrated into a new hybrid with possible additions of selected metallic nanoparticles and which exhibits emerging properties that are significantly beyond those of its building blocks.