Additive manufacturing (AM) and 3D printing have revolutionized materials science and engineering by enabling the creation of complex, customized structures with precision. Unlike traditional manufacturing, which involves subtracting material from a larger block, AM builds objects layer by layer, offering unmatched design freedom. This process allows for the use of advanced materials, such as high-performance polymers, metals, and composites, tailored to meet specific mechanical and thermal properties. It also promotes sustainability by minimizing waste and energy consumption. The integration of AM in industries like aerospace, automotive, and healthcare has paved the way for innovative applications, from lightweight components to personalized medical implants, showcasing its potential to transform manufacturing practices.