A biomarker is defined as "a trait that is objectively measured and analysed as an indicator of normal biological processes, pathogenic processes, or pharmacologic responses to a therapeutic intervention" by the National Institutes of Health Biomarkers Definitions Working Group in 1998. Biomarkers are now so widely used in scientific and clinical research, as well as clinical practice, that their inclusion as primary endpoints in clinical trials is nearly unquestioned. A large subgroup of medical indicators – that is, objective signals of medical state viewed from outside the patient – that can be assessed accurately and reproducibly is referred to as a "biomarker," a portmanteau of "biological marker." Medical signals are distinct from medical symptoms, which are limited to the signs of health or illness that patients perceive. Biomarkers are objective, quantifiable aspects of biological processes by definition. They may or may not correlate with a patient's experience and sense of well-being, and it's possible to conceive measurable biological traits that don't correspond to a patient's clinical state, or whose fluctuations are undetectable and have no impact on health. It's also easy to conceive observable biological features with such wide variation among populations that they're all but useless as accurate predictors of disease or absence.
Title : A revolution or surrender: The success and failures of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine
Thomas J Webster, Hebei University of Technology, United States
Title : Electroactive polymers as artificial muscle materials: New opportunities for biomaterials and tissue engineering
Federico Carpi, University of Florence, Italy
Title : The development of an open-source low-cost 3d “micro”-bioprinter
Lauren R Harrison, McGill University, Canada
Title : Dynamic compression pressure regulates chondrogenic potential and immunologic characteristics of nucleus pulposus progenitor cells in the 3D cultured porous gelatin scaffold
Yu Wei Kung, Ming Chi University of Technology, Taiwan
Title : Biodegradable ultrathin nanofibrous membranes for retinal tissue engineering
Hana Studenovska, Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Republic
Title : Achieving charge variant profile of innovator molecule during development of monoclonal antibody-based biosimilars – use of media components
Neelesh gangwar, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, India