Biosensors

The term "biosensor" refers to a powerful and novel analytical equipment that includes a biological sensing element and can be used for a variety of purposes, including drug development, diagnosis, biomedicine, food safety and processing, environmental monitoring, defence, and security. Clark and Lyons (1962) developed the first biosensor to test glucose in biological samples, which used an immobilized glucose oxidase electrode to detect oxygen or hydrogen peroxide electrochemically. Since then, novel approaches integrating electrochemistry, nanotechnology, and bioelectronics have made amazing progress in both biosensor technology and applications. Biosensor fabrication, materials, transducing devices, and immobilization procedures all necessitate multidisciplinary research in chemistry, biology, and engineering. Biosensor materials are divided into three types based on their mechanisms: biocatalytic, which includes enzymes, bio affinity, which includes antibodies and nucleic acids, and microbe-based, which includes microorganisms.