Enteric Glial Cells

Enteric Glial Cells (EGCs) are a crucial component of the enteric nervous system (ENS), which is often referred to as the "second brain" due to its complex neural network in the gastrointestinal tract. EGCs are primarily found in the gut lining, where they support various functions related to digestion and gut homeostasis. Serving as the structural backbone of the ENS, EGCs play a role in regulating motility, secretion, and immune responses within the gastrointestinal tract. They communicate with neurons, immune cells, and the epithelium, contributing to the intricate balance of gut functions. EGCs are involved in sensing changes in the gut environment and responding to various stimuli, including mechanical and chemical signals. Moreover, these glial cells participate in the maintenance of the intestinal barrier and modulate inflammatory processes. Research suggests that EGCs influence gut-brain communication, impacting both gastrointestinal and neurological health. Dysfunction of EGCs has been implicated in gastrointestinal disorders, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Understanding the roles of enteric glial cells provides insights into the intricate interplay between the gut and nervous system, offering potential avenues for therapeutic interventions in gastrointestinal disorders.