Myoepithelial Cells

Myoepithelial Cells are specialized epithelial cells found in various glandular tissues, including mammary glands, salivary glands, and sweat glands. These cells play a crucial role in glandular function and are positioned between the basal lamina and the epithelial cells lining the glandular ducts or acini. The primary function of myoepithelial cells is contractile, as they contain smooth muscle-like filaments, including actin and myosin, enabling them to contract and exert mechanical forces. This contraction aids in the expulsion of glandular secretions and facilitates the movement of fluids within the ductal system. In mammary glands, myoepithelial cells surround alveoli and contract during lactation to assist in the ejection of milk. In salivary glands, they contribute to saliva release. Additionally, myoepithelial cells act as a structural support, helping to maintain the glandular architecture. These cells also have a protective role, forming a barrier between the basal lamina and luminal epithelial cells. This barrier function is essential in preventing invasive growth and maintaining tissue integrity. Research on myoepithelial cells extends to understanding their role in glandular development, tissue homeostasis, and the progression of glandular diseases, including breast cancer. Changes in myoepithelial cell behavior can be indicative of pathological conditions, emphasizing their diagnostic and prognostic significance. Ongoing investigations continue to explore the molecular mechanisms governing myoepithelial cell function, providing insights into glandular physiology and potential therapeutic strategies for disorders involving glandular tissues.