N Cells

The N cell, also known as an N battery, is a standard dry-cell battery featuring a cylindrical shape with electrical contacts on each end. Its positive end is distinguished by a bump on the top. With dimensions of 30.2 mm (1.19 in) in length and 12.0 mm (0.47 in) in diameter, the N battery is approximately three-fifths the length of a typical AA battery. Originally conceived by the Burgess Battery Company, the N-cell battery is part of a series of smaller batteries that includes the Z battery (AA) and the Number 7 battery (AAA). Within the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) standards, a zinc–carbon N battery is labeled as R1, while its alkaline counterpart is designated as LR1. The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) assigns the codes 910A and 910D for alkaline and zinc–carbon chemistries, respectively, while Energizer refers to this type as E90. Due to environmental concerns regarding mercury toxicity, mercury batteries of the same dimensions, like the Mallory RM401 and Duracell RM-401, have been discontinued. Alkaline alternatives such as the Kodak KN have taken their place. Rechargeable N-size batteries are available in nickel–cadmium (KR1) and nickel–metal hydride (HR1) chemistries, although they are less prevalent than other rechargeable sizes. These batteries can be charged using an AA charger with a makeshift adapter or compatible universal battery chargers equipped with spring-loaded contacts designed for N-size batteries.