Nanotechnology in Tissue Regeneration

• Nanoengineering
• Nanotechnology in Regeneration of Complex Tissue
• Nano Drug Delivery Systems
• Nanofabricated Scaffolds
• Nanomedicines

Nanotechnology is currently being utilized for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Nanostructures can simulate tissue-specific bio environments by designing constructs with particular biochemical, mechanical and electrical properties. Biomimetic nanopatterns alone can direct the separation of stem cells without involvement of exogenous soluble biochemical factors. Therefore, tissue can be engineered by employing these nanostructures for enhanced cell adhesion, growth and differentiation. As the kind of tissues being proposed for engineering increases, there is also a proportional increase in demand for new scaffold properties.

Nanotechnology can be used to produce nanofibers, nanopatterns and controlled-release nanoparticles with applications in tissue engineering, for mimicking native tissues since biomaterials to be engineered is of nanometre size like extracellular fluids, bone marrow, cardiac tissues etc.

Nanofabricated scaffolds
Nanofibrous scaffolds are now under wide study as they exhibit a very similar physical structure to protein nanofibers in ECM 48. Among the three dominant nanofabrication methods, electrospinning is a very simple and practical technique, suitable for the making of aligned and complex 3D structures.

Nanocomposites
Nanocomposites based scaffolds are on the other hand, very popular in hard-tissue engineering, particularly for the reconstruction of bone tissue.