Tanycytes

Tanycytes are specialized glial cells found in the hypothalamus, a crucial region of the brain involved in regulating various physiological processes. Named for their elongated morphology reminiscent of tanycytes in the spinal cord, these cells play diverse roles in the central nervous system. Structurally, tanycytes are classified into α1, α2, and β subtypes, each with distinct anatomical locations and functions. They line the walls of the third ventricle and play a key role in sensing nutrients and hormones in the cerebrospinal fluid. Tanycytes act as a bridge between the bloodstream and neural tissue, facilitating the transport of molecules like hormones into the brain. They also contribute to the regulation of energy balance, feeding behavior, and circadian rhythms. Tanycytes express receptors for various hormones, allowing them to respond to changes in nutritional status. Additionally, recent studies have suggested their involvement in neurogenesis, the generation of new neurons in the adult brain. Dysfunction in tanycyte activity has been linked to metabolic disorders and disruptions in circadian rhythms. Research on tanycytes contributes to our understanding of the intricate mechanisms governing energy homeostasis, neuroendocrine function, and the integration of external signals within the brain. Exploring the roles and regulatory functions of tanycytes may offer insights into therapeutic approaches for conditions related to metabolism and neuroendocrine balance.