Mining is the process of extracting metal ores from extremely deep layers. Only a small number of metals, primarily noble metals like gold, silver, and platinum, are discovered in their pure metallic forms. The scientific discipline of metallurgy is concerned with the removal of metals from ores that are found in the environment naturally. Most elements, especially metals, are found in mixtures with other elements and are referred to as minerals because of this. Despite the fact that an element may mix with several other elements to create a variety of minerals, only a small number of those minerals are reliable sources of that metal. These resources are referred to as ore. Deep-buried metal ores are recovered by mining. The earth's crust contains varying amounts of metal ores. Because metals are extracted from ores, we can employ the minerals found on Earth! The final metals used in buildings and bridges are different from the ores. Ore is composed of the desired metal complex together with impurities and earthy substances referred to as Gangue.






Title : A proposal of chemical sensor based on polycrystalline Cu2O nanofilm
Paulo Cesar De Morais, Catholic University of Brasilia, Brazil
Title : Ferrofluid mediated synthesis of nanomagnetic polymer materials in supercritical fluids
M G H Zaidi, G B Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, India