Mining is the process of extracting metal ores from extremely deep layers. Only a small number of metals, primarily noble metals like gold, silver, and platinum, are discovered in their pure metallic forms. The scientific discipline of metallurgy is concerned with the removal of metals from ores that are found in the environment naturally. Most elements, especially metals, are found in mixtures with other elements and are referred to as minerals because of this. Despite the fact that an element may mix with several other elements to create a variety of minerals, only a small number of those minerals are reliable sources of that metal. These resources are referred to as ore. Deep-buried metal ores are recovered by mining. The earth's crust contains varying amounts of metal ores. Because metals are extracted from ores, we can employ the minerals found on Earth! The final metals used in buildings and bridges are different from the ores. Ore is composed of the desired metal complex together with impurities and earthy substances referred to as Gangue.
Title : Application of vanadium and tantalum single-site zeolite catalysts in heterogeneous catalysis
Stanislaw Dzwigaj, Sorbonne University, France
Title : Developing novel sensing platforms using nanostructures
Harry Ruda, University of Toronto, Canada
Title : Solid state UV cross-linking for advanced manufacturing
Huang WM, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
Title : The effect of substitution of Mn by Pd on the structure and thermomagnetic properties of the Mn1−xPdxCoGe alloys (where x = 0.03, 0.05, 0.07 and 0.1)
Piotr Gebara, Czestochowa University of Technology, Poland
Title : Evaluation of mineral jelly as suitable waterproofing material for ammonium nitrate
Ramdas Sawleram Damse, HEMRL, India
Title : The role of tunable materials in next-gen reconfigurable antenna design
Nasimuddin, Institute for Infocomm Research, A-STAR, Singapore